What is Tuberculosis (TB)?
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB most commonly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body such as the brain, kidneys, or spine.
TB can exist in two forms:
Latent TB Infection (LTBI)
- ✓ The bacteria are in the body but inactive
- ✓ The person has no symptoms
- ✓ The person cannot spread TB to others
Active TB Disease
- ⚠ The bacteria are active and multiplying
- ⚠ The person may feel sick and have symptoms
- ⚠ The disease can spread to others through the air
How TB Spreads
TB spreads through the air when a person with active TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. Tiny droplets containing TB bacteria can be inhaled by others nearby.
- Shaking hands
- Sharing food or drinks
- Touching surfaces
- Sharing linens or clothing
Signs and Symptoms of Active TB
Common symptoms include:
⚠ Anyone experiencing these symptoms should seek medical evaluation immediately.
TB Risk in Healthcare Settings
Healthcare workers, including home healthcare caregivers, may have increased exposure if caring for individuals with TB. Infection control measures help reduce risk and protect both staff and patients.
Healthcare facilities are responsible for implementing TB infection-control programs that include screening, training, and appropriate protective practices.
TB Screening for Healthcare Workers
TB screening is recommended for healthcare personnel when they are first hired and may be repeated if exposure occurs or if required by state regulations.
Screening may include:
- A TB skin test (TST) or blood test (IGRA)
- A symptom review
- A chest X-ray if the test result is positive
Preventing TB Transmission
Healthcare employees should follow infection prevention practices, including:
- Reporting symptoms of TB immediately
- Completing required TB screenings
- Using respiratory protection when required
- Following agency infection-control policies
- Practicing proper respiratory hygiene
Prompt identification and treatment of TB are essential to preventing transmission.
TB Treatment
TB is treatable and curable with proper medical care. Treatment typically involves several medications taken for 6–9 months or longer, depending on the type of TB infection.
Completing the full course of medication is critical to prevent drug-resistant TB.
Additional Information
For more information about TB, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.
Employee Acknowledgement
I acknowledge that I have received and reviewed the Tuberculosis (TB) Fact Sheet and understand the information provided regarding TB prevention and safety in the workplace.